(四)第四句型:主语 + 及物动词 + 双宾语
有的动词(主如果授与动词)后面需要或可以接双宾语结构,如:give, write, buy, send, make等
You may send him an E-mail or write him a letter.
这个句子也可用以下结构:
You may send an E-mail (to him) or write a letter to him. 所以 to 和 for 是连接双宾语结构的要紧介词。
该句型的重点是要记住以下短语,尤其是所用的介词:
to cure of(治愈)
to accuse of(谴责)
to convince of(说服)
to inform of(公告)
to notify of (公告)
to clean of (清除)
to warn of / against (警告)
to cheat of(欺骗)
to rob of(打劫)
比如:
We have to inform the family of the patient's condition as soon as possible. / Have the family been informed of the patient's condition? (大家得尽快将患者的病情公告其家属。/ 已经将患者的病情公告其家人了吗?)
注意下面句子的结构变化:
May I ask you a question? May I ask a question of you?
直接和间接宾语的地方与上面短语有什么不同?
(五)第五句型:主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语
先回顾一下本讲第一节中有关宾语和宾语补足语的定义。
这个句型也是考试的重点,主要有三个难题:
1) 需不需要 to的问题:
The director wants you to come right now. (主任要你立刻就来。)
句中to come 是宾语you的补足语。也就是说,当宾语补足语是动词时,一般要用 to连接。但,以下状况例外:
n make, let, have等使役动词,如:
Shall I have him come here?(要我叫他来吗?)
I won't have him cheat me. (否定式,表示容许:我决不容许他欺骗我)
上述句型变为被动语态时,一般要加 to,如:
The nurse made the patient eat something. (护士让患者吃了点东西。)
The patient was made to eat something.
有时,宾语补足语也可用 -ing形式,如:
His joke made us laughing for a couple of minutes. (他的笑话使大家笑了几分钟。- 注意后面的时间状语for a couple of minutes)
记住下面要紧表达方法:
to have / get (something) done, 如:
I am going to have (get) my watch repaired.(我去修一下表。)
n see, hear, notice, observe, watch, look at, listen to 等感觉动词:
用原则与上述大致相同。
2) 需不需要 it的问题:
先看两个句子:
We sometimes find it difficult to get rid of a bad habit. (有时大家发现要改掉一个不好的习惯非常难。)该句的原始结构可理解为:We sometimes find (to get rid of a bad habit) difficult. 括号部分(动词不定式)为宾语,difficult为宾语补足语
The doctor has made it clear to you that there is nothing wrong with your stomach.(大夫已经告诉你得非常了解了,你的胃没那些问题。)该句的原始结构可理解为:The doctor has made (there is nothing wrong with your stomach)clear. 括号部分(句子)为宾语,clear为宾语补足语
总结:
n 在主语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语结构中,当宾语是动词不定式或句子时,要用it(不是this, that或其他任何词)作形式宾语,将动词不定式或句子移到句子的后面去。
n 考试时,判断需不需要 it,主要看句子后面有没动词不定式或句子,若有,要选 it
n 宾语、宾语补足语倒装:当宾语(名词)较长,宾语补足语较短(总是是1个形容词,如possible, impossible, difficult, easy, clear等)时,为了句子结构均衡,总是使用倒装,这里没有it的用法问题, 对下句作出判断:
The development of ultrasound has made ______ early diagnosis1 of some fatal2 diseases3. (超声波的出现使很多致命疾病的早期诊断成为可能。)
A. it possible
B. possible
C. it is
D. it
该题的正确答案应为B,由于句子使用了倒装形式,原结构为:
The development of ultrasound has made [early diagnosis of some fatal diseases] possible.
宾语 补足语
3) 记住以下短语:
to takeas(把当作)
to think ofas(把看作)
to regardas(把看作)
to refer toas(把叫作)
关于五个基本句型,重点要学会每一个句型的出题点,举一反三