The microbes in our intestines1 help keep us healthy, strengthening our immune systems and promoting metabolism2. But they may also give us a leg up when it comes to moving our legs upand down again, rapidly and repeatedlybecause a new study finds that mice that are fed bacteria isolated3 from elite4 athletes log more time on the treadmill5 than other mice that are treated only to bacteria found in yogurt. The results appear in the journal Nature Medicine.
大家肠道中的微生物帮助大家维持健康，增强大家的免疫系统，并促进新陈代谢。但当大家的腿飞速且频繁地提起放手时，微生物可能也会帮助大家，由于一项新研究发现，与仅喂食酸奶中所含细菌的老鼠相比，被喂食从出色运动员体内所离别细菌的老鼠，在跑步机上坚持的时间更长。研究结果发表在《自然医学》期刊上。
Aleksandar Kostic, a microbiologist at Harvard Medical School, was initially6 interested in how the gut7 microbes of people with diabetes8 might differ from folks without the conditionthe idea being that tweaking the microbiome might help to treat the disease. But the question of enhancing overall health and fitness can also come from the other direction:
哈佛医学院的微生物学家亚历山大库斯迪刚开始有兴趣的是，糖尿病病人的肠道微生物与没糖尿病者的有什么不同想法是，调整微生物群可能能够帮助治疗糖尿病。但增强整体健康和体格的问题也会来自另一个方向：
But here the question was more, whats unique in the gut microbiome of someone who is supremely8 healthy? And can we use that feature of the microbiome to transfer into other people to potentially make them healthier?
但这里的问题更多，极其健康的人的肠道微生物群有什么独特之处？大家能否借助微生物群的这一特质将它转移到别的人身上，使他们更健康？
And a handy window into the gut is poop. So Kostic and his crew asked 15 runners who competed in the Boston Marathon in 2015 to provide daily stool samples from a week before the race to a week after. They also collected samples from 10 people who are decidedly more sedentary, and they tallied9 the bacteria present in each.
进入肠道的便利办法是大便。因此，库斯迪及其团队需要参加2015年波士顿马拉松的15名选手在比赛前后一周提供每天粪便样本。他们还采集了10个明显久坐不动者的样本，并计算了每一个样本中的细菌数目。
And when we looked at this data, there was really one thing that really jumped out at us, and it was this genus of bacteria that isnt so well studied: Veillonella. We found that it was very significantly higher in abundance in the gut after the marathon. But not only that, it was found much more frequently in elite marathon runners than in the general population.
大家察看这类数据时，确实有一件事引起了大家的注意，那就是未经深入研究的细菌：韦荣氏球菌属。大家发现，在马拉松比赛后，选手肠道中这种细菌的含量显著提升。不只这样，与普通人相比，在马拉松出色选手体内发现这种细菌的频率要高得多。
To see whether this microbe might provide the athletes with any benefit, they gave some to mice and then let the little rodents10 run. And they found that the mice loaded with Veillonella spent more time on the treadmill than those that got Lactobacillus.
为了研究这种微生物会不会为运动员提供好处，他们给老鼠注射了一些细菌，然后让这类小型啮齿类动物奔跑。他们发现，与携带乳酸菌属的老鼠相比，携带韦荣氏球菌属的老鼠在跑步机上奔跑的时间更长。
And this was an increase of 13 percent... I think any endurance athlete or any athlete in general will tell you that a 13 percent increase is pretty significant.
时间增加了13%我觉得任何耐力运动员或普通的运动员都会对你说，增长13%意义非凡。
Now, the interesting thing about Veillonella is that they thrive on lactate, which is a chemical produced by fatigued11 muscle. The bacteria consume lactate and convert it into a fatty acid called propionate. Then mice that were treated to proprionate, which was delivered via teeny tiny enemas to mimic12 its release by gut bacteria, similarly extended their treadmill time.
韦荣氏球菌属的有趣之处在于，它们靠乳酸成长，乳酸是疲劳的肌肉产生的一种化学物质。韦荣氏球菌属消耗乳酸，并将它转化为名为丙酸盐的脂肪酸。老鼠被注入丙酸盐，即用微量灌肠剂传递该物质，模拟肠道细菌释放丙酸盐的过程，这同样延长了老鼠在跑步机上的奔跑时间。
And so this creates a kind of a positive feedback loop and helps us to understand why Veillonella might be enriched in elite athletes in the first place.
因此，这创造了一种正反馈循环，并帮助大家理解，为何出色运动员体内刚开始就有很多荣氏球菌属。
Exercise produces lactate, which feeds Veillonella. Veillonella produces propionate, which somehow promotes endurance, at least in treadmill-trotting mice. Which means that gut microbes may hold the secret to extending that workoutwithout getting pooped.
训练产生乳酸，乳酸可以喂养韦荣氏球菌属。韦荣氏球菌属产生丙酸盐，这在某种程度上提高了耐力，至少对在跑步机上跑步的老鼠来讲这样。这意味着肠道微生物可能学会着延长训练时间且不会精疲力竭的秘密。
